Module 02 · Learning path

Foundations

Turn color, type, spacing, layout, motion, and iconography into shared product decisions.

Learning outcome

What this module should change

You will be able to define a foundation by role and constraint, then determine whether it belongs in guidance, tokens, utilities, or components.

Module guide

Four decisions to understand

01

Color roles

Color systems distinguish brand expression from semantic communication, interaction states, surfaces, and data visualization.

Practice

Replace a palette list with roles for text, surface, border, action, status, focus, and data.

02

Typography

A type system defines reading hierarchy, density, language coverage, scaling, and implementation—not only font families.

Practice

Test one content page at 200% zoom, narrow width, bold text settings, and with a fallback font.

03

Spacing and layout

Spacing encodes relationship; layout rules determine how those relationships adapt when content or viewport changes.

Practice

Label spacing as inset, stack, inline, section, or layout gap instead of choosing numbers ad hoc.

04

Motion and feedback

Motion should explain continuity, hierarchy, state change, or causality while respecting reduced-motion preferences.

Practice

For each animation, write the information it communicates. Remove it if the answer is only decoration.

Explanation

Working principles

Name purpose before value

A role such as text.muted survives theme changes better than a name tied to gray.600.

Test real content

Foundations fail when long labels, localized text, dense data, zoom, and assistive settings are introduced late.

Allow controlled variation

Platform modes, density modes, and brand themes should change through explicit rules rather than local overrides.

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Practice and check your understanding

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Which token is most resilient across themes?

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